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- SQL.How can you compare two nullable values safely, and how does IS DISTINCT FROM differ from <>?
- SQL.How are NULL values ordered by ORDER BY, how do defaults differ between databases, and how can you control their placement?
- SQL.How does NULL propagate through arithmetic expressions, and how can COALESCE and NULLIF help handle missing values and division by zero?
- SQL.How does NULL affect join conditions, and why can filtering the right-hand table in WHERE remove unmatched rows from a LEFT JOIN?
- SQL.How do GROUP BY and DISTINCT treat NULL values, even though NULL = NULL evaluates to UNKNOWN?
- SQL.How do aggregate functions handle NULL, and what is the difference between COUNT(*), COUNT(column), and COUNT(DISTINCT column)?
- SQL.How does NULL affect IN and NOT IN, and why can NOT EXISTS be a safer choice when a subquery returns nullable values?
- SQL.How do WHERE, HAVING, and CHECK constraints treat conditions that evaluate to UNKNOWN?
- SQL.Why do column = NULL and column <> NULL not work as expected, and when should you use IS NULL and IS NOT NULL?
- SQL.What is SQL’s three-valued logic (TRUE, FALSE, UNKNOWN), and how do AND, OR, and NOT behave with UNKNOWN?
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- SQL.What are domain types (or constraints on data types), and how do they help enforce data correctness?
- SQL.How does SQL handle comparisons between different data types (for example, string vs number), and why is this dangerous?
- SQL.What is the difference between DATE, TIME, TIMESTAMP, and TIMESTAMPTZ, and which one should be used for business events?
- SQL.How do numeric types like INTEGER, BIGINT, DECIMAL, and FLOAT differ in terms of precision and use cases?
- SQL.What problems can arise from implicit type casting in SQL, and how can it affect indexes?
- SQL.How does NULL differ from 0, an empty string, or FALSE in SQL?
- SQL.What is the difference between CHAR, VARCHAR, and TEXT, and when would you choose each?
- SQL.What is MVCC ?
- SQL.What is AutoVacuum Postgres ?
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Category Archives: Без рубрики
Java.Multithreading.Can new instances of a class be created while a static synchronized method is executing?
Yes, new instances of a class can be created while a static synchronized method is executing. Let’s break it down: 🔒 static synchronized method It locks on the Class object, not on an instance. So, if thread A is executing … Continue reading
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Java.Multithreding.What states can a thread be in?
Let’s walk through the 6 thread states in Java, according to the java.lang.Thread.State enum. 🧵 Java Thread States State When It Happens NEW Thread object is created, but start() has not been called RUNNABLE Thread is ready to run or … Continue reading
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Java.Multithreading.Example with consumer and producer
Let’s compare wait()/notify() (used with synchronized) and Condition (used with ReentrantLock) — both are used for thread coordination, but Condition gives you more flexibility. We’ll walk through: A wait()/notify() example A Condition example doing the same thing Scenario: We have … Continue reading
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Java.Multithreading.When to use what ?
🔎 Key Criteria to Decide: Do you need mutual exclusion? Do you need only visibility or atomicity? Do you need fine-grained locking or advanced features like try-lock, fairness, etc.? Are threads coordinating around a condition (like a signal or phase)? … Continue reading
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Java.Multithreading.What are the different types of synchronization in Java?
🧠 1. Intrinsic (Built-in) Synchronization This is the most commonly used type of synchronization in Java, based on monitors. A. Synchronized Method Locks on the current object (this) For static methods, it locks on the class object (ClassName.class)
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Java.Multithreading.Define the concept of “synchronization”.
🧠 What is Synchronization? Synchronization is the process of controlling access to shared resources by multiple threads to prevent race conditions, data inconsistency, and memory visibility issues.
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Java.Multithreading.if you say monitor is the mutex, tell me in terms of mutex how sync happens ?
💡 First: A Monitor in Java = A Mutex + Condition Variable Java’s monitor is not just a lock — it’s a synchronization mechanism that includes: a mutex (for mutual exclusion) zero or more condition queues (for waiting/notification: wait(), notify())
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Java.Multithreading.Give me details about monitor, i cannot understand how it can synchronize only part of the method if we locking whole the object ?
🧠 First, What Is a Monitor? A monitor is a mutex (mutual exclusion lock) + condition variable attached to every object in Java. Every Java object has one monitor. A monitor ensures that only one thread at a time can … Continue reading
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Java.Multithreading.Why do we need Synchronized (this) and Synchronized method if they give us the same result ?
Let’s unpack it carefully — the short answer is: ✅ they behave the same, but 🚀 give you flexibility in different contexts.
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Java.Multithreading.What is a “monitor” in Java?
🧠 What Is a Monitor in Java? A monitor is a synchronization construct that allows threads to have mutually exclusive access to critical sections of code or data. In Java, every object has an implicit monitor — yes, even a … Continue reading
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