OOP.MainPrinciples

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that organizes code into objects, which are instances of classes. These objects represent real-world entities and can contain attributes (data) and methods (behavior). The main goal of OOP is to model complex systems by breaking them down into smaller, reusable, and self-contained objects that interact with each other.

🔗 Main Principles of OOP

1. Encapsulation
   Bundling data (fields) and behavior (methods) into a single unit (class) and restricting direct access to some of the object’s internal data.
2. Abstraction
   Hiding complex implementation details and only exposing essential features to the outside world.
   Example: A Car class might expose a start() method, but it hides the details of how the engine works internally.✅ Key idea: Show only what is necessary, hide everything else.
3. Inheritance
   Allowing a class to inherit properties and methods from another class. This promotes code reuse.
4. Polymorphism
   Objects can take many forms, meaning a single method can behave differently depending on the object that calls it.
   Example: A draw() method behaves differently for a Circle and a Square.