Java.Streams.What classes allow you to speed up reading/writing by using a buffer?

🚀 Buffered I/O Classes in Java

🔹 1. BufferedInputStream

• Extends: FilterInputStream
• Buffers: Raw byte input
• Used with: InputStream

InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("file.bin"));

🔹 2. BufferedOutputStream

• Extends: FilterOutputStream
• Buffers: Raw byte output
• Used with: OutputStream

OutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("file.bin"));

🔹 3. BufferedReader

• Extends: Reader
• Buffers: Character input
• Adds: readLine() method (super useful!)

Reader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("file.txt"));

🔹 4. BufferedWriter

• Extends: Writer
• Buffers: Character output

Writer writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("file.txt"));

🧠 Why buffering helps

Without buffering:

• Every read() or write() hits the disk or network — very slow.

With buffering:

• Data is read/written in large chunks behind the scenes.
• Fewer system calls = faster and more efficient I/O.

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⚙️ Diagram: Buffering Workflow

Raw File        ←→      InputStream ←→ BufferedInputStream ←→ your app
Plain Text File ←→ FileReader ←→ BufferedReader ←→ your app

✅ Summary Table

Class	For	Data Type	Buffering Type	Extra Features
BufferedInputStream	Reading	byte	Input buffer	N/A
BufferedOutputStream	Writing	byte	Output buffer	N/A
BufferedReader	Reading	char	Input buffer	readLine()
BufferedWriter	Writing	char	Output buffer	newLine()