In HTML, a line break is created with the <br> tag.

✅ In a JSP page, you just write normal HTML for line breaks, because JSP ultimately outputs HTML to the browser.

Example inside JSP:

<p>First line.<br>Second line.</p>

✅ This will render:

First line.
Second line.

🛠️ If You Need a Line Break Dynamically Using Java in JSP

If you’re writing Java code inside a JSP (inside <% %>), and want to output a line break, you must print the <br> tag manually using out:

Example:

<%
    out.println("First line.<br>");
    out.println("Second line.");
%>

✅ Again — because out writes HTML, so you must manually insert the <br>.

🔥 If You Are Using Expression Language (EL)

If you’re using ${} to output text and it already contains newline characters (\n),
newline characters are NOT automatically converted into <br> in HTML.
HTML ignores \n!

✅ You must replace \n with <br>.

Example with JSTL:

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions" prefix="fn" %>

${fn:replace(textWithNewlines, '\n', '<br />')}

Where textWithNewlines is a String containing line breaks (newlines).

🎯 Quick Summary:

Case	How to Insert Line Break
Static text	Just use <br> in HTML
Inside Java code (<% %>)	Use out.println("...<br>...");
Inside EL output (${})	Use fn:replace to replace \n with <br />

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📢 Important:

• HTML ignores \n and \r\n — only <br> actually produces visible line breaks.
• Always remember JSP generates HTML, so think in HTML when formatting output.