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- SQL.How can you compare two nullable values safely, and how does IS DISTINCT FROM differ from <>?
- SQL.How are NULL values ordered by ORDER BY, how do defaults differ between databases, and how can you control their placement?
- SQL.How does NULL propagate through arithmetic expressions, and how can COALESCE and NULLIF help handle missing values and division by zero?
- SQL.How does NULL affect join conditions, and why can filtering the right-hand table in WHERE remove unmatched rows from a LEFT JOIN?
- SQL.How do GROUP BY and DISTINCT treat NULL values, even though NULL = NULL evaluates to UNKNOWN?
- SQL.How do aggregate functions handle NULL, and what is the difference between COUNT(*), COUNT(column), and COUNT(DISTINCT column)?
- SQL.How does NULL affect IN and NOT IN, and why can NOT EXISTS be a safer choice when a subquery returns nullable values?
- SQL.How do WHERE, HAVING, and CHECK constraints treat conditions that evaluate to UNKNOWN?
- SQL.Why do column = NULL and column <> NULL not work as expected, and when should you use IS NULL and IS NOT NULL?
- SQL.What is SQL’s three-valued logic (TRUE, FALSE, UNKNOWN), and how do AND, OR, and NOT behave with UNKNOWN?
- ChromeDevTools.Watch all failed requests
- SQL.What are domain types (or constraints on data types), and how do they help enforce data correctness?
- SQL.How does SQL handle comparisons between different data types (for example, string vs number), and why is this dangerous?
- SQL.What is the difference between DATE, TIME, TIMESTAMP, and TIMESTAMPTZ, and which one should be used for business events?
- SQL.How do numeric types like INTEGER, BIGINT, DECIMAL, and FLOAT differ in terms of precision and use cases?
- SQL.What problems can arise from implicit type casting in SQL, and how can it affect indexes?
- SQL.How does NULL differ from 0, an empty string, or FALSE in SQL?
- SQL.What is the difference between CHAR, VARCHAR, and TEXT, and when would you choose each?
- SQL.What is MVCC ?
- SQL.What is AutoVacuum Postgres ?
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Author Archives: Stanislav_Panteleev
Java.DBMigrationTools.How do you apply a Liquibase migration from the command line?
✅ Short Answer You apply a Liquibase migration using the update command from the CLI: This command tells Liquibase to: Connect to your database Read the changelog file Apply any changesets that haven’t been run yet 🔎 Step-by-Step Command Line … Continue reading
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Java.DBMigrationTools.Can Liquibase generate a changelog from an existing database?
✅ Short Answer Yes, Liquibase can generate a changelog from an existing database schema using the generateChangeLog command.This reverse-engineers the current database structure into a changelog file (XML, YAML, JSON, or SQL) so you can start tracking and versioning it … Continue reading
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Java.DBMigrationTools.How does Liquibase track which changes were applied?
✅ Short Answer Liquibase tracks applied changes by recording each successfully executed changeset in a special database table called DATABASECHANGELOG.Each entry includes metadata like id, author, filename, checksum, and execution timestamp. 🔎 Detailed Explanation When you run liquibase update, Liquibase: … Continue reading
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Java.DBMigrationTools.What does runOnChange do?
✅ Short Answer runOnChange=”true” tells Liquibase to re-run a changeset if its definition changes, even if it was already applied. By default, Liquibase only runs each changeset once, but runOnChange forces Liquibase to track changes via checksums and re-apply the … Continue reading
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Java.DBMigrationTools.What are preconditions in Liquibase?
✅ Short Answer Preconditions in Liquibase are conditions that must be true before a changeset or changelog is applied.If the precondition fails, Liquibase can be told to halt, warn, or continue, depending on your configuration. 🔎 Detailed Explanation A precondition … Continue reading
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Java.DBMigrationTools.What is a DATABASECHANGELOG table?
✅ Short Answer The DATABASECHANGELOG table is a system table created and maintained by Liquibase.It tracks which changesets have already been executed, preventing duplicates and ensuring safe, repeatable database migrations. 🔎 Detailed Explanation Whenever Liquibase applies a changeset from your … Continue reading
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Java.DBMigrationTools.Name some file formats Liquibase supports.
✅ Short Answer Liquibase supports the following changelog file formats: XML YAML JSON Formatted SQL 🔎 Details Format Description Common Use Case XML Most powerful and fully featured Traditional projects, fine-grained control YAML More human-readable, concise Modern teams, cleaner syntax … Continue reading
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Java.DBMigrationTools.Can database changes be rolled back?
✅ Short Answer Yes, database changes can be rolled back — but only under specific conditions: ✅ In a transaction → changes can be rolled back automatically on failure. ❌ Most schema changes (DDL) like CREATE TABLE are not transactional … Continue reading
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Java.DBMigrationTools.What happens when a migration fails?
✅ Short Answer When a migration fails: The migration process stops immediately The failed changeset is not marked as executed Any partial changes already applied by that changeset remain in the database unless you handle rollback manually ❗ No automatic … Continue reading
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Java.DBMigrationTools.How are migrations tracked?
✅ Short Answer Migrations are tracked using a special table in your database where the tool records every changeset or script it has applied — so it knows what’s already been done and what’s still pending. 🔎 Liquibase Tracking Liquibase … Continue reading
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