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- SQL.How can you compare two nullable values safely, and how does IS DISTINCT FROM differ from <>?
- SQL.How are NULL values ordered by ORDER BY, how do defaults differ between databases, and how can you control their placement?
- SQL.How does NULL propagate through arithmetic expressions, and how can COALESCE and NULLIF help handle missing values and division by zero?
- SQL.How does NULL affect join conditions, and why can filtering the right-hand table in WHERE remove unmatched rows from a LEFT JOIN?
- SQL.How do GROUP BY and DISTINCT treat NULL values, even though NULL = NULL evaluates to UNKNOWN?
- SQL.How do aggregate functions handle NULL, and what is the difference between COUNT(*), COUNT(column), and COUNT(DISTINCT column)?
- SQL.How does NULL affect IN and NOT IN, and why can NOT EXISTS be a safer choice when a subquery returns nullable values?
- SQL.How do WHERE, HAVING, and CHECK constraints treat conditions that evaluate to UNKNOWN?
- SQL.Why do column = NULL and column <> NULL not work as expected, and when should you use IS NULL and IS NOT NULL?
- SQL.What is SQL’s three-valued logic (TRUE, FALSE, UNKNOWN), and how do AND, OR, and NOT behave with UNKNOWN?
- ChromeDevTools.Watch all failed requests
- SQL.What are domain types (or constraints on data types), and how do they help enforce data correctness?
- SQL.How does SQL handle comparisons between different data types (for example, string vs number), and why is this dangerous?
- SQL.What is the difference between DATE, TIME, TIMESTAMP, and TIMESTAMPTZ, and which one should be used for business events?
- SQL.How do numeric types like INTEGER, BIGINT, DECIMAL, and FLOAT differ in terms of precision and use cases?
- SQL.What problems can arise from implicit type casting in SQL, and how can it affect indexes?
- SQL.How does NULL differ from 0, an empty string, or FALSE in SQL?
- SQL.What is the difference between CHAR, VARCHAR, and TEXT, and when would you choose each?
- SQL.What is MVCC ?
- SQL.What is AutoVacuum Postgres ?
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Author Archives: Stanislav_Panteleev
Java.DBMigrationTools.Explain when rollback happens in liquibase, when this event fired ?
✅ Short Answer Liquibase doesn’t automatically rollback on failure.Rollback only happens when you explicitly run a rollback command — it’s a manual action you control. 🔎 When does rollback happen in Liquibase? Scenario Does rollback happen automatically? Explanation ❌ A … Continue reading
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Java.DBMigrationTools.How rollback is implemented ? Give example
rollback support is one of the biggest advantages of using migration tools like Liquibase. It shows you’re thinking about safe deployments, disaster recovery, and controlled rollbacks — all critical in production. Let’s break it down: ✅ Short Answer In Liquibase, … Continue reading
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Java.DBMigrationTools.What formats can migration files be written in?
Migration files can be written in various formats depending on the tool: Tool Supported Formats Flyway SQL, Java (callbacks), JSON (limited) Liquibase XML, YAML, JSON, SQL 🔎 Detailed Explanation ✅ Flyway Flyway’s primary format is versioned SQL files, e.g.: Pure … Continue reading
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Java.DBMigrationTools.Why use tools like Liquibase or Flyway instead of raw SQL scripts?
✅ Short Answer Tools like Liquibase and Flyway are better than raw SQL scripts because they provide: Version control for schema changes Automation in deployments Auditability and rollback Safety and consistency across environmentsRaw SQL alone lacks these guarantees. 🔎 Detailed … Continue reading
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Java.DBMigrationTools.What is a changeset?
A changeset is a single, versioned unit of change to the database schema — like a commit in version control.It defines one or more actions (e.g. createTable, addColumn, insertData) and is tracked by the migration tool to prevent reapplication. 🔎 … Continue reading
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Java.DBMigrationTools.What is a changelog file?
✅ Short Answer A changelog file is a version-controlled file that defines the sequence of changes to apply to your database schema over time.It acts as the master plan for database migrations. 🔎 Detailed Explanation A changelog file: Lists all … Continue reading
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Java.DBMigrationTools.Why is schema versioning important?
✅ Short Answer Schema versioning is important because it ensures that your database structure evolves safely, consistently, and predictably across all environments (dev, staging, prod).It helps prevent data loss, deployment failures, and “it works on my machine” bugs. 🔎 Detailed … Continue reading
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Java.DBMigrationTools.Beginner.What is a database migration tool
✅ Short Answer A database migration tool is a version control system for your database schema.It helps you: Track changes to the DB structure over time Apply those changes in a controlled and repeatable way Keep all environments (dev, staging, … Continue reading
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Java.Hibernate.Middle.How do you handle multi-tenancy with Hibernate?
✅ Short Answer Hibernate supports multi-tenancy via its built-in multi-tenancy API, which allows you to isolate data per tenant at the database, schema, or discriminator level by:✅ Choosing a multi-tenancy strategy (DATABASE, SCHEMA, or DISCRIMINATOR).✅ Implementing MultiTenantConnectionProvider (provides connections per … Continue reading
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Java.Hibernate.Middle.How do you implement auditing/versioning for entities in Hibernate?
How do you implement auditing/versioning for entities in Hibernate? 🔎 Option 1: Hibernate Envers (recommended) Envers is built into Hibernate → it provides automatic auditing of entity changes without requiring manual code to persist history. How it works: Envers creates … Continue reading
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