CGI: A new process is created for each request, which is expensive in terms of system resources.
Servlets: Run in a single JVM, and each request is handled by a thread, not a new process. This leads to faster execution and better scalability.
🔄 2. Multithreading
CGI: Doesn’t support multithreading. Each request = separate process = no shared memory.
Servlets: Are multithreaded. Multiple clients can be served by spawning threads inside the same servlet instance.
🧠 3. Resource Sharing
CGI: Since each request runs in its own process, it can’t easily share data between requests or users.
Servlets: Run in a shared context and can store data in memory, like in ServletContext, HttpSession, etc.
💡 4. Platform Independence
Servlets are written in Java and benefit from Java’s platform independence, while CGI scripts are often written in platform-specific languages (e.g., Perl, C).
📦 5. Extensive API Support
Servlets come with a rich Java EE API, including:
Session management
Cookies
Security
Integration with JDBC, JSP, and other Java technologies
🔐 6. Security and Maintainability
Servlets are managed by a container (like Tomcat, Jetty) which provides:
Authentication and authorization
Lifecycle management
Logging and monitoring
🛠️ 7. Ease of Development and Debugging
Java provides strong type checking, exception handling, and debugging tools that are better than traditional scripting languages used in CGI.
